: Occupying the heart of the continent, the HRE was a decentralized patchwork of hundreds of smaller territories, all theoretically under the rule of Maximilian I.

Designed by Giovanni Matteo Contarini and engraved by Francesco Rosselli . Origin: Published in either Venice or Florence in 1506.

, France was a centralized power engaged in the Italian Wars, notably annexing the Duchy of Milan during this period. Eastern Frontiers Grand Duchy of Moscow